Wall of the Crow - Workmen's area logically should be located behind a certain limestone wall with a gate built into it. This wall, known as Heit Al-Ghorab (wall of the crow), was built to separate the royal Pyramids from the workmen who built them. A massive ancient gateway, which came to be known by early travellers as the Wall of the Crow - has been visible for thousands of years and horse-riders from Neslet Al-Siman regularly passed through it; was it a causeway, a bridge or a tunnel was not clear. It was not an easy task to clear the area to find the gate. Sand bags were used to hold back the rubble that had accumulated along the sides of the wall, and only when cleared was it realised what an impressive structure it really was. The gate was more than 2.5 metres wide and about seven metres high, and the wall itself was more than 10 metres thick. It is one of the largest gateways of its kind in the world. The roadway passing through it was carefully paved with what appeared to be abraded ceramic fragments, well trampled and worn. It sloped down several metres under the sand to what suspected might be a buried harbour to the north.
It seemed certain that the fourth-dynasty Egyptians who built the pyramids between 2613 and 2494 BC constructed both the wall and the gateway, and that the purpose was to control the flow of people and material from a harbour into what, on further excavation, proved to be a pre-planned settlement area for seasonal workers. The Wall of the Crow was, in fact, an integral part of a production facility. It might also have served a secondary purpose: to protect the site from periodic flash floods. It was thus that a major discovery was made during routine excavations at Giza .

“Eastern town” – A street that linked the workers' town to the pyramid complex and what was labelled the "eastern town with a huge royal building for storage and administration” was excavated. From an early stage in the work, it seemed certain that it was all part of a vast ancient settlement site with streets, galleries, bakeries and industrial areas, and that it included barracks which could shelter and feed up to 2,000 rotating labourers who worked in shifts following the well-established Egyptian pattern whereby local town and village leaders sent teams from their provinces all over the country to share in great national projects. Bearing in mind that the Old Kingdom settlement continues under Nezlet Al-Siman, and, considered alongside other parts of the settlement not yet excavated, the whole area might have contained as many as 20,000 labourers (an Egyptologist's estimate), many of whom would have been in support industries like pottery and cloth manufacture.
When the vast modern layers of sand and debris had been stripped away, evidence of meat processing and feseekh (salted fish) production were found to the east, west and south of the galleries. Then a large royal storage and administrative complex was unearthed. Seven large mud-brick silos, obviously for the storage of grain, were found in a sunken courtyard 19 metres across. Sure enough, scores of bakeries were found nearby. Perhaps they were a part of whole series that may lie under the modern soccer field of the Sphinx Sports Club football field which was built in 1984.
Like today's cities, the extremely complex and historically important "eastern town" was crowded; there are traces of alleyways between the houses; of household granaries and bins; and of grinding stones for processing grain into flour. No fewer than 5,000 mud sealings were unearthed, some bearing the names of the kings Khafre and Menkaure, the builders of the Second and Third Pyramids, confirming the Old Kingdom date of the settlement.
Egypt 's oldest known hypostyle hall was also found. Its location suggests that it may originally have functioned as a communal dining facility.